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atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 features metering features ? metering features fully in compliance with the requirements of iec62052-11 and iec62053-21; applicable in class 1 or class 2 single-phase watt-hour meter. ? accuracy of 0.1% for active energy over a dynamic range of 5000:1. ? temperature coefficient is 15 ppm/ (typical) for on-chip reference voltage ? single-point calibration over a dynamic range of 5000:1 for active energy. ? energy meter constant doubling at low current to save ve rification time. ? electrical parameters measurement: less than 0.5% fiducial error for vrms, irms, mean active/ apparent power, frequency, power factor and phase angle. ? forward/ reverse active energy with indep endent energy registers. active energy can be output by pulse or read through energy registers to adapt to different appli- cations. ? programmable startup and no-load power threshold. ? dedicated adc and different gains for l line and n line current sampling circuits. current sampled over shunt resistor or current transformer (ct); voltage sampled over resistor divider network or potential transformer (pt). ? programmable l line and n line metering modes: anti-tampering mode (larger power), l line mode (fixed l line), l+n mode (applicable for sing le-phase three-wire system) and flexible mode (configure through register). ? programmable l line and n line power difference threshold in anti-tampering mode. other features ? 3.3v single power supply. operating volt age range: 2.8~3.6v. metering accuracy guaranteed within 3.0v~3.6v. 5v compatible for digital input. ? built-in hysteresis for power-on reset. ? four-wire spi interface or si mplified three-wire spi interf ace with fixed 24 cycles for all registers operation ? parameter diagnosis function and programm able interrupt output of the irq inter- rupt signal and the warnout signal. ? programmable voltage sag detecti on and zero-crossing output. ? channel input range - voltage channel (when gain is '1'): 120 vrms~600mvrms. - l line current channel (when gain is '24'): 5 vrms~25mvrms. - n line current channel (when gain is '1'): 120 vrms~600mvrms. ? programmable l line current gain: 1, 4, 8, 16, 24; programmable n line gain: 1, 2, 4. ? support l line and n line offset compensation. ? cf1 outputs active energy pulses which can be used for calibration or energy accu- mulation. ? crystal oscillator frequency: 8.192 mhz. on-chip 10pf capaci tors and no need of external capacitors. ? green ssop28 package. ? operating temperature: -40 ~ +85 . atmel m90e25 single-phase high-performance wide-span energy metering ic preliminary datasheet
2 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 application ? the m90e25 is used for active energy metering for sing le-phase two-wire (1p2w), single-phase three-wire (1p3w) or anti-tampering energy meters. with the measurement function, the m90e25 can also be used in power instru- ments which need to measure voltage, current, etc. description the m90e25 is high-performance wide-s pan energy metering chips. the adc and dsp technology ensure the chips' long-term stability over vari ations in grid and ambien t environmental conditions. block diagram figure-1 block diagram reference voltage power on reset crystal oscillator 3-wire or 4-wire spi vref i1p i1n vp vn l line forward/reverse active power l line apparent power l line irms vrms i2p i2n mmd1 mmd0 cs sclk sdo sdi osci osco reset ? adc ? adc hpf1 hpf0 dsp module pga x1/x4/x8/ x16/x24 pga x1 ? adc pga x1/x2/x4 active energy pulse output cf1 hpf1 hpf0 hpf1 hpf0 n line forward/reverse active power n line apparent power n line irms power factor/ angle/frequency warnout/irq/zx zx irq warnout
3 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 features .............. ................. ................ ................ .............. .............. ............... ............. ................... 1 application .............. ................ ................. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ................. 2 description .............. ................ ................. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............. ................. 2 block diagram................. ................. ................ ................ ................. ................ ............... ............. 2 1 pin assignment ....... ................ ................ ................. .............. .............. .............. ............. ........... 7 2 pin description ....... ................ ................ .............. .............. ............... .............. .............. ............ 8 3 functional description ..... ................ ................. ................ ................. ................ ............... 1 0 3.1 dynamic metering range ..................................................................................................... ........................10 3.2 startup and no-load power .................................................................................................. ...................10 3.3 energy registers ........................................................................................................... ................................10 3.4 n line metering and anti-tampering ......................................................................................... ..............11 3.4.1 metering mode and l/n line cu rrent sampling gain configuration ................................................... 11 3.4.2 anti-tampering mode ...................................................................................................... ......................... 11 3.5 measurement and zero-crossing .............................................................................................. .............12 3.5.1 measurement .............................................................................................................. ............................... 12 3.5.2 zero-crossing ............................................................................................................ ................................ 12 3.6 calibration ................................................................................................................ .......................................13 3.7 reset ......... ................ ................ ................. ................ ................ ................ ............ ..............................................14 4 interface ............. ................ ................. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... 15 4.1 serial peripheral interface (spi) .......................................................................................... .................15 4.1.1 four-wire mode ........................................................................................................... .............................. 15 4.1.2 three-wire mode .......................................................................................................... ............................. 16 4.1.3 timeout and protection ......................... .......................................................................... ......................... 17 4.2 warnout pin for fatal error warning ........................................................................................ ........18 4.3 low cost implementation in isolation with mc u .............................................................................. 18 5 register .......... ................. ................ ................ ................. .............. .............. ............. ................ 19 5.1 register list .............................................................................................................. ......................................19 5.2 status and special register ................ ................ ................ ................ ................. ............... ....................21 5.3 metering/ measurement calibration and configuration ............................................................25 5.3.1 metering calibration and configuration register .......................................................................... ........ 25 5.3.2 measurement calibration regi ster ......................................................................................... ................. 32 5.4 energy register ............................................................................................................ .................................37 5.5 measurement register ....................................................................................................... .........................40 6 electrical specification ............ ................. ................ .............. .............. .............. ............. 4 6 6.1 electrical specification ..... ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ .............. .........................46 6.2 spi interface timing ....................................................................................................... ................................48 6.3 power on reset timing ...... ................. ................ ................ ................ ................ ............... ...........................50 6.4 zero-crossing timing ....................................................................................................... .............................51 table of contents
4 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 6.5 voltage sag timing ......................................................................................................... ...............................52 6.6 pulse output ............................................................................................................... .....................................53 6.7 absolute maximum rating .................................................................................................... ......................53 ordering information ..... ................ ................ .............. .............. ............... .............. ............. ... 54 package dimensions ........... ................ ................. ................ ................. ................ ................ ..... 55 revision history ...... ................. ................ ................ .............. ............... .............. ............ ........... 56
5 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 table-1 pin description ...................................................................................................... ................................................. 8 table-2 active energy metering error ......................................................................................... ...................................... 10 table-3 threshold configuration fo r startup and no-load power ................................................................ .................... 10 table-4 energy registers ..................................................................................................... ............................................. 10 table-5 metering mode ........................................................................................................ ............................................. 11 table-6 the measurement format ............................................................................................... ..................................... 12 table-7 read / write result in four-wire mode ................................................................................ ............................... 17 table-8 read / write result in three-wire mode ............................................................................... .............................. 17 table-9 register list ........................................................................................................ ................................................. 19 table-10 spi timing specification ............................................................................................ ........................................ 49 table-11 power on reset specification ........................................................................................ .................................... 50 table-12 zero-crossing specification ......................................................................................... ...................................... 51 table-13 voltage sag specification ........................................................................................... ....................................... 52 list of tables
6 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 figure-1 block diagram .... .................................................................................................. ................................................ 2 figure-2 pin assignment (top view) ........................................................................................... ........................................ 7 figure-3 read sequence in four-wire mode ....... .............................................................................. ............................... 15 figure-4 write sequence in four -wire mode .................................................................................... ................................ 15 figure-5 read sequence in thre e-wire mode .................................................................................... .............................. 16 figure-6 write sequence in thre e-wire mode ................................................................................... ............................... 16 figure-7 4-wire spi timing di agram ........................................................................................... ..................................... 48 figure-8 3-wire spi timing di agram ........................................................................................... ..................................... 48 figure-9 power on reset timing diagram .......... ............................................................................. ................................ 50 figure-10 zero-crossing timing diagram ....................................................................................... .................................. 51 figure-11 voltage sag timing diagram ......................................................................................... ................................... 52 figure-12 output pulse width ................................................................................................. .......................................... 53 list of figures
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 7 1 pin assignment figure-2 pin assignment (top view) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 reset dvdd avdd agnd i1p i1n i2p i2n vp vn vref agnd nc warnout cs sclk sdo sdi dgnd mmd1 mmd0 osci osco nc cf1 nc zx irq
8 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 2 pin description table-1 pin description name pin no. i/o note 1 type description reset 4ilvttl reset : reset pin (active low) this pin should connect to ground through a 0.1 f filter capacitor. in appli- cation it can also directly connect to one output pin from microcontroller (mcu). dvdd 3 i power dvdd: digital power supply this pin provides power supply to t he digital part. it should be decoupled with a 10 f electrolytic capacitor and a 0.1 f capacitor. dgnd 2 i power dgnd: digital ground avdd 5 i power avdd: analog power supply this pin provides power supply to the analog part. this pin should connect to dvdd through a 10 resistor and be decoupled with a 0.1 f capacitor. vref 13 o analog vref: output pin for reference voltage this pin should be decoupled with a 1 f capacitor and a 1nf capacitor. agnd 6, 14 i power agnd: analog ground i1p i1n 10 11 i analog i1p: positive inpu t for l line current i1n: negative input for l line current these pins are differential inputs for l line current. input range is 5 vrms ~ 25mvrms when gain is '24'. i2p i2n 7 8 i analog i2p: positive input for n line current i2n: negative input for n line current these pins are differential inputs for n line current. input range is 120 vrms ~ 600mvrms when gain is '1'. vp vn 16 15 i analog vp: positive input for voltage vn: negative input for voltage these pins are differential in puts for voltage. input range is 120 vrms ~ 600mvrms. nc 9, 12, 19 nc: these pins could be left open or connect to ground. cs 24 i lvttl cs : chip select (active low) in 4-wire spi mode, this pin must be driven from high to low for each read/ write operation, and maintain low for the entire operation. in 3-wire spi mode, this pin must be low all the time. refer to section 4.1 . sclk 25 i lvttl sclk: serial clock this pin is used as the clock for the spi interface. data on sdi is shifted into the chip on the rising edge of sclk while data on sdo is shifted out of the chip on the falling edge of sclk. sdo 26 oz lvttl sdo: serial data output this pin is used as the data output for the spi interface. data on this pin is shifted out of the chip on the falling edge of sclk. sdi 27 i lvttl sdi: serial data input this pin is used as the data input for the spi interface. address and data on this pin is shifted into the chip on the rising edge of sclk. mmd1 mmd0 1 28 ilvttl mmd1/0: metering mo de configuration 00: anti-tampering mode (larger power); 01: l line mode (fixed l line); 10: l+n mode (applicable for si ngle-phase three-wire system); 11: flexible mode (line specified by the lnsel bit ( mmode , 2bh)) osci 22 i lvttl osci: external crystal input an 8.192 mhz crystal is connected between osci and osco. there is an on-chip 10pf capacitor, therefore no need of external capacitors.
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 9 osco 23 o lvttl osco: external crystal output an 8.192 mhz crystal is connected between osci and osco. there is an on-chip 10pf capacitor, therefore no need of external capacitors. cf1 18 olvttl cf1: active energy pulse output this pin outputs active energy pulses. zx 21 o lvttl zx: voltage zero-crossing output this pin is asserted when voltage crosses zero. zero-crossing mode can be configured to positive zero-crossing, negative zero-crossing or all zero- crossing by the zxcon[1:0] bits ( mmode , 2bh). irq 20 o lvttl irq: interrupt output this pin is asserted when one or more events in the sysstatus register (01h) occur. it is deasserted when there is no bit set in the sysstatus regis- ter (01h). warnout 17 o lvttl warnout: fatal error warning this pin is asserted when there is metering parameter calibration error or voltage sag. refer to section 4.2 . note 1: all digital inputs are 5v tolerant except for the osci pin. table-1 pin descrip tion (continued) name pin no. i/o note 1 type description
10 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 3 functional description 3.1 dynamic metering range accuracy is 0.1% for active energy metering over a dynamic range of 5000:1 (typical). refer to table-2 . 3.2 startup and no-load power startup and no-load power thresholds are programmable. the related registers are listed in table-3 . the chip will start within 1.2 times of the theoretical startup ti me of the configured startup power, if startup power is less than the corresponding power of 20ma when power factor or sin is 1.0. the chip has no-load status bits, the pnoload bit (enstatu s, 46h). the chip will not out put any active pulse (cf1) in active no-load state. 3.3 energy registers the m90e25 provides energy pulse output cf1 which is propor tionate to active energy. energy is usually accumulated by adding the cf1 pulses in system applications. alternativel y, the m90e25 provides energy registers. there are forward (inductive), reverse (capacitive) and absolute energy registers. refer to ta b l e - 4 . each energy register is cleared after read. the resolution of energy registers is 0.1cf, i.e. one lsb represents 0.1 energy pulse. table-2 active energy metering error current power factor error (%) 20ma i 50ma 1.0 0.2 50ma i 100a 0.1 50ma i 100ma 0.5 (inductive) 0.8 (capacitive) 0.2 100ma i 100a 0.1 note: shunt resistor is 250 ? or ct ratio is 1000:1 and load resistor is 6 . table-3 threshold configuration for startup and no-load power threshold register threshold for acti ve startup power pstartth , 27h threshold for active no-load power pnolth , 28h table-4 energy registers energy register forward active energy apenergy , 40h reverse active energy anenergy , 41h absolute active energy atenergy , 42h
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 11 3.4 n line metering and anti-tampering 3.4.1 metering mode and l/n line cu rrent sampling gain configuration the m90e25 has two current sampling circuits with n line me tering and anti-tampering functions. the mmd1 and mmd0 pins are used to configure the metering mode. refer to table-5 . the m90e25 has two current sampling circuits with different gai n configurations. l line gain can be 1, 4, 8, 16 and 24, and n line gain can be 1, 2 and 4. the configuration is made by the mmode register (2bh). generally l line can be sampled over shunt resistor or ct. n line can be sampled over ct for isolation consideration. note that rogowski coil is not sup- ported. 3.4.2 anti-tampering mode threshold in anti-tampering mode, the power difference threshold between l line and n line can be: 1%, 2%,... 12%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125% and 1.5625%, altogether 16 choices. the configuratio n is made by the pthresh[3:0] bits ( mmode , 2bh) and the default value is 3.125%. compare method in anti-tampering mode, the compare method is as follows: if current metering line is l line and n line is switched as the metering line, otherwise l line keeps as the metering line. if current metering line is n line and l line is switched as the metering line, otherwise n line keeps as the metering line. this method can achieve hysteresis ar ound the threshold automatically. l line is employed after reset by default. special treatment at low power when power is low, general factors such as the quantizati on error or calibration difference between l line and n line might cause the power difference to be exceeded. to ensure l line and n line to start up normally, special treatment as fol- lows is adopted: the line with higher power is selected as the metering line when both l line and n line power are lower than 8 times of the startup power but higher than the startup power. table-5 metering mode mmd1 mmd0 metering mode cf1 output 0 0 anti-tampering mode (larger power) cf1 represent s the larger energy line. refer to section 3.4.2 . 0 1 l line mode (fixed l line) cf1 represents l line energy all the time. 10 l+n mode (applicable for single-phase three- wire system) cf1 represents the arithmetic sum of l line and n line energy 11 flexible mode (line specified by the lnsel bit ( mmode , 2bh)) cf1 represents energy of the specified line. threshold 100% * power active line l power active line l - power active line n > >
12 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 3.5 measurement and zero-crossing 3.5.1 measurement the m90e25 has the following measurements: ? voltage rms ? current rms (l line/n line) ? mean active power (l line/n line) ? voltage frequency ? power factor (l line/n line) ? phase angle between voltage and current (l line/n line) ? mean apparent power (l line/n line) the above measurements are all calculated with fiducial erro r except for frequency. the frequency accuracy is 0.01hz, and the other measurement accuracy is 0.5% . fiducial error is calculated as follow: where u mea is the measured voltage, u real is the actual voltage and u fv is the fiducial value. 3.5.2 zero-crossing the zx pin is asserted when the sampling voltage crosses zero . zero-crossing mode can be configured to positive zero- crossing, negative zero-crossing and all zero-crossing by the zxcon[1:0] bits ( mmode , 2bh). refer to section 6.4 . the zero-crossing signal can facilitate operations such as re lay operation and power line ca rrier transmission in typical smart meter applications. table-6 the measurement format measurement fiducial value (fv) m90e25 defined format range comment voltage rms un xxx.xx 0~655.35v current rms note 1, note 2 imax as 4ib xx.xxx 0~65.535a active power note 1 maximum power as un*4ib xx.xxx -32.768~+32.767 kw complement, msb as the sign bit apparent power note 1 un*4ib xx.xxx 0~+32.767 kva complement, msb always '0' frequency fn xx.xx 45.00~65.00 hz power factor note 3 1.000 x.xxx -1.000~+1.000 sig ned, msb as the sign bit phase angle note 4 180 xxx.x -180~+180 signed, msb as the sign bit note 1: all registers are of 16 bits. for cases w hen the current and active/apparent power goes beyond the above range, it is suggeste d to be handled by microcontroller (mcu) in appl ication. for example, register value can be calibrated to 1/2 of the actual value during cal- ibration, then multiply 2 in applic ation. note that if the actual current is twice of that of the m90e25, the actual active/app arent power is also twice of that of the chip. note 2: the accuracy is not guaranteed when the current is lowe r than 15ma. note that the tolerance is 25 ma at i fv of 5a and fiducial accuracy of 0.5%. note 3: power factor is obtained by active power dividing apparent power note 4: phase angle is obtained when voltage/current crosses zero at the frequency of 256khz. precis ion is not guaranteed at small current. 100% * u u - u rror fiducial_e fv real mea =
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 13 3.6 calibration calibration includes metering and measurement calibration. metering calibration the m90e25 design methodology guarantees the accuracy over the entire dynamic range, after metering calibration at one specific current, i.e. the basic current of i b . the calibration procedure includes the following steps: 1. calibrate gain at unity power factor; 2. calibrate phase angle compensation at 0.5 inductive power factor. generally, line curr ent sampling is suscept ible to the circuits around the sensor when shunt resistor is employed as the current sensor in l line. for example, the transformer in th e energy meter?s power supply may conduct interference to the shunt resistor. such interference will cause pe rceptible metering error, especially at low current conditio ns. the total inter- fere is at a statistically constant level. in this case, the m90e25 provides the power offset compensation feature to improve metering performance. l line and n line need to be calibrated sequentially. measurement calibration measurement calibration includes gain calibration for voltage rms and current rms. considering the possible nonlinearity around zero caused by external components, the m90e25 also provides offset compensation for voltage rms, curr ent rms and mean active power. the m90e25 design methodology guarantees automatic calibration for frequency, phase angle and power factor measure- ment.
14 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 3.7 reset the m90e25 has an on-chip power supply monitor circuit with built-in hysteresis. the m90e25 only works within the volt- age range. the m90e25 has three means of reset: power-on reset, hardware reset and software reset. all registers resume to their default value after reset. power-on reset: power-on reset is initiated during power-up. refer to section 6.3. hardware reset: hardware re set is initia ted when the reset pin is pulled low. the width of the reset signal should be over 200 s. software reset: software reset is initiated when ?789ah? is written to the soft ware reset register ( softreset , 00h).
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 15 4 interface 4.1 serial periphera l interface (spi) spi is a full-duplex, synchronous channel. there are two spi modes: four-wire mode and three-wire mode. in four-wire mode, four pins are used: cs , sclk, sdi and sdo. in three-wire mode, thre e pins are used: sclk, sdi and sdo. data on sdi is shifted into the chip on the rising edge of sclk while data on sdo is sh ifted out of the chip on the falling edge of sclk. the lastspidata register (06h) stores the 16-bit dat a that is just read or written. 4.1.1 four-wire mode in four-wire mode, the cs pin must be driven low for the entire read or write operation. the first bit on sdi defines the access type and the lower 7-bit is decoded as address. read sequence as shown in figure-3 , a read operation is initiated by a high on sdi followed by a 7-bit register address. a 16-bit data in this register is then shifted ou t of the chip on sdo. a complete read operation contains 24 cycles. figure-3 read sequence in four-wire mode write sequence as shown in figure-4 , a write operation is init iated by a low on sdi followed by a 7-bit register address. a 16-bit data is then shifted into the chip on sdi. a comp lete write operation contains 24 cycles. figure-4 write sequence in four-wire mode cs sclk sdi sdo 10 123456789 111213141516171819202122 24 a0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 register address high impedance d15 don't care d0 16-bit data 23 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 cs sclk sdi sdo 10 123456789 11121314151617181920212223 a0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 16-bit data high impedance d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 register address d15 24 d14d13d12d11d10 d9 d8
16 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 4.1.2 three-wire mode in three-wire mode, cs is always at low level. when there is no operatio n, sclk keeps at high level. the start of a read or write operation is triggered if sclk is consistently low for at least 400 s. the subsequent read or write operation is sim- ilar to that in four -wire mode. refer to figure-5 and figure-6 . figure-5 read sequence in three-wire mode figure-6 write sequence in three-wire mode cs sclk 10 123456789 11121314151617181920212223 register address 24 1234 low 400 s drive low sdi sdo a0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 hign impedance d 15 don't care 16-bit data d 14 d 13 d 12 d 11 d 10 d 9 d 8 d 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 d 3 d 2 d 0 d 1 don t care a6 a5 a4 high impedance low 400 s cs sclk sdi sdo 10 123456789 11121314151617181920212223 a0 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 16-bit data high impedance d 0 d 7 d 6 d 5 d 4 d 3 d 2 d 1 register address d 14 d 15 24 d 13 d 12 d 11 d 10 d 9 d 8 1234 a6 a5 a4 don't care drive low low 400 s low 400 s don't care
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 17 4.1.3 timeout and protection timeout occurs if sclk does not toggle for 6ms in both f our-wire and three-wire modes. when timeout, the read or write operation is aborted. if there are more than 24 sclk cycles when cs is driven low in four-wire mode or between two starts in three-wire mode, writing operation is prohibited while normal reading operation can be completed by taking the first 24 sclk cycles as the valid ones. however, the reading result might not be the intended one. a read access to an invalid address returns all zero . a write access to an inva lid address is discarded. ta b l e - 7 and table-8 list the read or write result in different conditions. table-7 read / write result in four-wire mode condition result operation timeout sclk cycles note 1 read/write status lastspidata register update read - note 2 >=24 normal read yes - note 2 <24 partial read no write no =24 normal write yes no !=24 no write no yes - no write no note 1: the number of sclk cycles when cs is driven low or the number of sc lk cycles before timeout if any. note 2: '-' stands for don't care. table-8 read / write result in three-wire mode condition result operation timeout sclk cycles note 1 read/write status lastspidata register update read no >=24 note 2 normal read yes timeout after 24 cycles >24 normal read yes timeout before 24 cycles - note 3 partial read no timeout at 24 cycles =24 normal read yes write no =24 normal write yes no !=24 no write no yes - no write no note 1: the number of sclk cycles between 2 starts or the number of sclk cycles before timeout if any. note 2: there is no such case of less than 24 sclk cycles when there is no timeout in three-wire mode, becau se the first few sclk cycles in the next operati on is counted into this operation. in this case, da ta is corrupted. note 3: '-' stands for don't care.
18 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 4.2 warnout pin for fatal error warning fatal error warning is raised throug h the warnout pin in two cases: chec ksum calibration error and voltage sag. calibration error the m90e25 performs diagnosis on a regular basis for important parameters such as calibration parameters and meter- ing configuration. when checksum is not correct, the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set, and both the warnout pin and the irq pin are asserted. when checksu m is not correct, the metering part does not work to prevent a large number of pulses during power-on or any abnormal situation upon incorrect parameters. voltage sag voltage sag is detected when voltage is continuously below the voltage sag threshold for one cycle which starts from any zero-crossing point. voltage threshold is configured by the sagth register (03h). refer to section 6.5 . when voltage sag occurs, the sagwarn bit ( sysstatus , 01h) is set and the warnout pin is asserted if the funcen regis- ter (02h) enables voltage sag warning through the warnout pin. this function helps reduce power-down detection circuit in system design. in addition, the method of judging voltage sag by detecting ac side voltage eliminates the influence of large capacitor in traditional rectifier circuit, and can detect voltage sag earlier. 4.3 low cost implementation in isolation with mcu the following functions can be achieved at low co st when the m90e25 is isolated from the mcu: spi: mcu can perform read and write operations through low speed optocoupler (e.g. ps2501) when the m90e25 is iso- lated from the mcu. the spi interface can be of 3-wire or 4-wire. energy pulses cf1: energy can be accumulated by readi ng values in corresponding energy registers. cf1 can also connect to the optocoupler and the energy pulse light can be turned on by cf1. fatal error warnout: fatal error can be acquired by reading the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h). irq: irq interrupt can be acquired by reading the sysstatus register (01h). reset: the m90e25 is reset when ?789ah? is written to the software reset register ( softreset , 00h).
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 19 5register 5.1 register list table-9 register list register address register name read/write type functional description page status and special register 00h softreset w software reset p21 01h sysstatus r/c system status p22 02h funcen r/w function enable p23 03h sagth r/w voltage sag threshold p23 04h smallpmod r/w small-power mode p24 06h lastspidata r last read/write spi value p24 metering calibration and configuration register 20h calstart r/w calibration start command p25 21h plconsth r/w high word of pl_constant p25 22h plconstl r/w low word of pl_constant p26 23h lgain r/w l line calibration gain p26 24h lphi r/w l line calibration angle p26 25h ngain r/w n line calibration gain p27 26h nphi r/w n line calibration angle p27 27h pstartth r/w active startup power threshold p27 28h pnolth r/w active no-load power threshold p28 2bh mmode r/w metering mode configuration p29 2ch cs1 r/w checksum 1 p31 measurement calibration register 30h adjstart r/w measurement calibration start command p32 31h ugain r/w voltage rms gain p32 32h igainl r/w l line current rms gain p33 33h igainn r/w n line current rms gain p33 34h uoffset r/w voltage offset p33 35h ioffsetl r/w l line current offset p34 36h ioffsetn r/w n line current offset p34 37h poffsetl r/w l line active power offset p34 39h poffsetn r/w n line active power offset p35 3bh cs2 r/w checksum 2 p36 energy register 40h apenergy r/c forward active energy p37 41h anenergy r/c reverse active energy p38 42h atenergy r/c absolute active energy p38 46h enstatus r metering status p39 measurement register 48h irms r l line current rms p40 49h urms r voltage rms p40 4ah pmean r l line mean active power p41 4ch freq r voltage frequency p41
20 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 4dh powerf r l line power factor p42 4eh pangle r phase angle between voltage and l line current p42 4fh smean r l line mean apparent power p43 68h irms2 r n line current rms p43 6ah pmean2 r n line mean active power p44 6dh powerf2 r n line power factor p44 6eh pangle2 r phase angle between voltage and n line current p45 6fh smean2 r n line mean apparent power p45 table-9 register list (continued) register address register name read/write type functional description page
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 21 5.2 status and special register softreset software reset address: 00h type: write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 softre- set[15:0] software reset register. the xxxxxx resets if only 789ah is written to this register. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 softreset15 softreset14 softreset13 softreset12 softreset11 softreset10 softreset9 softreset8 76543210 softreset7 softreset6 softrese t5 softreset4 softreset3 soft reset2 softreset1 softreset0
22 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 sysstatus system status address: 01h type: read/clear default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 14 calerr[1:0] these bits indicate cs1 checksum status. 00: cs1 checksum correct (default) 11: cs1 checksum error. at the same time, the warnout pin is asserted. 13 - 12 adjerr[1:0] these bits indicate cs2 checksum status. 00: cs2 checksum correct (default) 11: cs2 checksum error. 11 - 8 - reserved. 7 lnchange this bit indicates whether there is any chan ge of the metering line (l line and n line). 0: metering line no change (default) 1: metering line changed 6- reserved. 5 revpchg this bit indicates whether there is any c hange with the direction of active energy. 0: direction of active energy no change (default) 1: direction of active energy changed this status is enabled by the revpen bit ( funcen , 02h). 4 - 2 - reserved. 1sagwarn this bit indicates th e voltage sag status. 0: no voltage sag (default) 1: voltage sag voltage sag is enabled by the sagen bit ( funcen , 02h). voltage sag status can also be reported by the warnout pin. it is enabled by the sagwo bit( funcen , 02h). 0- reserved. note: any of the above events will prompt the irq pin to be assert ed, which can be supplied to external mcu as an interrupt. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 calerr1 calerr0 adjerr1 adjerr0 - - - - 76543210 lnchange - revpchg - - - sagwarn -
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 23 funcen function enable sagth voltage sag threshold address: 02h type: read/write default value: 000ch bit name description 15 - 6 - reserved. 5 sagen this bit determines whether to enable the voltage sag interrupt. 0: disable (default) 1: enable 4sagwo this bit determines whether to enable voltage sag to be reported by the warnout pin. 0: disable (default) 1: enable 3- reserved. 2 revpen this bit determines whether to enable the direction change interrupt of active energy. 0: disable 1: enable (default) 1 - 0 - reserved. address: 03h type: read/write default value: 1d6ah bit name description 15 - 0 sagth[15:0] voltage sag threshold co nfiguration. data forma t is xxx.xx. unit is v. the power-on value of sagth is 1d6ah, which is calculated by 22000*sqrt(2)*0.78/(4*ugain/32768) for details, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 -------- 76543210 - - sagen sagwo - revpen - - 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 sagth15 sagth14 sagth13 sagth12 sagth11 sagth10 sagth9 sagth8 76543210 sagth7 sagth6 sagth5 sagth4 sagth3 sagth2 sagth1 sagth0
24 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 smallpmod small-power mode lastspidata last read/write spi value address: 04h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 smallp- mod[15:0] small-power mode command. a987h: small-power mode. the relationship between t he register value of l line and n line active power in small-power mode and normal mode is: power in normal mode = power in small-power mode *10*igain*ugain /2^42 others: normal mode. small-power mode is mainly used in the power offset calibration. address: 06h type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 lastspi- data[15:0] this register stores the data that is just read or written thro ugh the spi interface. refer to table-7 and ta b l e - 8 . 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 smallpmod1 5 smallpmod1 4 smallpmod1 3 smallpmod1 2 smallpmod1 1 smallpmod1 0 smallpmod9 smallpmod8 76543210 smallpmod7 smallpmod6 smallpmod5 smallpmod4 smallpmod3 smallpmod2 smallpmod1 smallpmod0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 lastspidata1 5 lastspidata1 4 lastspidata1 3 lastspidata1 2 lastspidata1 1 lastspidata1 0 lastspidata9 lastspidata8 76543210 lastspidata7 lastspidata6 lastspidata5 lastspidata4 lastspidata3 lastspidata2 lastspidata1 lastspidata0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 25 5.3 metering/ measurement calib ration and configuration 5.3.1 metering calibration and configuration register calstart calibration start command plconsth high word of pl_constant address: 20h type: read/write default value: 6886h bit name description 15 - 0 calstart[15:0] metering calibration start command: 6886h: power-on value. metering function is disabled. 5678h: metering calibration startup command. after 56 78h is written to this r egister, registers 21h-2bh resume to their power-on values. the m90e25 star ts to meter and output energy pulses regardless of the correctness of diagnosis. the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are not set and the warnout/ irq pins do not report any warning/interrupt. 8765h: check the correctness of the 21h-2bh registers. if correct, norma l metering. if not correct, meter- ing function is disabled, the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set and the warnout/irq pins report warning/interrupt. others: metering function is disabled. the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set and the warnout/irq pins report warning/interrupt. address: 21h type: read/write default value: 0015h bit name description 15 - 0 plcon- sth[15:0] the plconsth[15:0] and plconstl[15:0] bits are high word and low word of pl_constant respectively. pl_constant is a constant which is proportional to the sampling ratios of voltage and current, and inversely proportional to the meter constant. pl_const ant is a threshold for energy calculated inside the chip, i.e., energy larger than pl_constant will be a ccumulated in the corresponding energy registers and then output on cf1. it is suggested to set pl_constant as a multiple of 4 so as to double or redouble meter constant in low current state to save verification time. note: plconsth takes effect af ter plconstl are configured. for details, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 calstart15 calstart14 calstart13 calstart12 calstart11 calstart10 calstart9 calstart8 76543210 calstart7 calstart6 calstart5 calstart4 calstart3 calstart2 calstart1 calstart0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 plconsth15 plconsth14 plconsth13 plconsth12 plconsth11 plconsth10 plconsth9 plconsth8 76543210 plconsth7 plconsth6 plconsth5 plconsth4 p lconsth3 plconsth2 plconsth1 plconsth0
26 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 plconstl low word of pl_constant lgain l line calibration gain lphi l line calibration angle address: 22h type: read/write default value: d174h bit name description 15 - 0 plcon- stl[15:0] the plconsth[15:0] and plconstl[15:0] bits are high word and low word of pl_constant respectively. it is suggested to set pl_constant as a multiple of 4. for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 23h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 lgain[15:0] l line calibration gain. for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 24h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 lphi[15:0] l line calibration phase angle. for details, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 plconstl15 plconstl14 plconstl13 plconstl12 plconstl11 plconstl10 plconstl9 plconstl8 76543210 plconstl7 plconstl6 plconstl5 plconstl4 p lconstl3 plconstl2 plconstl1 plconstl0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 lgain15 lgain14 lgain13 lgain12 lgain11 lgain10 lgain9 lgain8 76543210 lgain7 lgain6 lgain5 lgain4 lgain3 lgain2 lgain1 lgain0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 lphi15 - - - - - lphi9 lphi8 76543210 lphi7 lphi6 lphi5 lphi4 lphi3 lphi2 lphi1 lphi0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 27 ngain n line calibration gain nphi n line calibration angle pstartth active startup power threshold address: 25h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 ngain[15:0] n line calibration gain. for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 26h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 nphi[15:0] n line calibration phase angle. for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 27h type: read/write default value: 08bdh bit name description 15 - 0 pstartth[15:0 ] active startup power threshold. for details, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 ngain15 ngain14 ngain13 ngain12 ngain11 ngain10 ngain9 ngain8 76543210 ngain7 ngain6 ngain5 ngain4 ngain3 ngain2 ngain1 ngain0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 nphi15 - - - - - nphi9 nphi8 76543210 nphi7 nphi6 nphi5 nphi4 nphi3 nphi2 nphi1 nphi0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pstartth15 pstartth14 pstartth13 pstartth12 pstartth11 pstartth10 pstartth9 pstartth8 76543210 pstartth7 pstartth6 pstartth5 pstartth4 pstartth3 pstartth2 pstartth1 pstartth0
28 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 pnolth active no-load power threshold address: 28h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 pnolth[15:0] active no-load power threshold. for details, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pnolth15 pnolth14 pnolth13 pnolth12 pnolth11 pnolth10 pnolth9 pnolth8 76543210 pnolth7 pnolth6 pnolth5 pnolth4 pnolth3 pnolth2 pnolth1 pnolth0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 29 mmode metering mode configuration address: 2bh type: read/write default value: 9422h bit name description 15 - 13 lgain[2:0] l line current gain, default value is ?100?. 12 - 11 ngain[1:0] n line current gain 00: 2 01: 4 10: 1 (default) 11: 1 10 lnsel this bit specifies metering as l line or n line when metering mode is set to flexible mode by mmd1 and mmd0 pins. 0: n line 1: l line (default) 9 - 8 dishpf[1:0] these bits configure the high filter pass (hpf) after adc. there are two first-order hpf in serial: hpf1 and hpf0. the configuration ar e applicable to all channels: 7amod cf1 output for active power: 0: forward or reverse ene rgy pulse output (default) 1: absolute energy pulse output 6- reserved. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 lgain2 lgain1 lgain0 ngain1 ngain0 lnsel dishpf1 dishpf0 76543210 amod - zxcon1 zxcon0 pthresh3 p thresh2 pthresh1 pthresh0 lgain2 lgain1 lgain0 current channel gain 1xx 1 000 4 001 8 010 16 011 24 dishpf1 dishpf 0 hpf configuration 00 enable hpf1 and hpf0 (default) 0 1 enable hpf1, disable hpf0; 1 0 disable hpf1, enable hpf0; 1 1 disable hpf1 and hpf0
30 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 5 - 4 zxcon[1:0] these bits configure zero-crossing mode. the zx pin outputs 5ms-width high level when voltage crosses zero. 00: positive zero-crossing 01: negative zero-crossing 10: all zero-crossing: both positive a nd negative zero-crossing (default) 11: no zero-crossing output 3 - 0 pthresh[3:0] these bits configure the l line and n line power difference threshold in anti-tampering mode. pthresh 3 pthresh 2 pthresh 1 pthresh0 threshold 0000 12.5% 0 0 0 1 6.25% 0 0 1 0 3.125% (default) 0 0 1 1 1.5625% 0100 1% 0101 2% 0110 3% 0111 4% 1000 5% 1001 6% 1010 7% 1011 8% 1100 9% 1 1 0 1 10% 1110 11% 1 1 1 1 12%
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 31 cs1 checksum 1 address: 2ch type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 cs1[15:0] the cs1 register should be written after the 21h-2b h registers are written. suppose the high byte and the low byte of the 21h-2bh regi sters are shown in below table. the calculation of the cs1 register is as follows: the low byte of 2ch register is: l 2c =mod( h 21 + h 22 +...+ h 2b + l 21 + l 22 +...+ l 2b , 2^8) the high byte of 2ch register is: h 2c = h 21 xor h 22 xor ... xor h 2b xor l 21 xor l 22 xor ... xor l 2b a part of registers are not used. these regist ers can be dealed as 0000h in cs calculation. the m90e25 calculates cs1 regularly. if the value of the cs1 register and the calculation by the m90e25 is different when calstart =8765h, the calerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set and the warnout and irq pins are asserted. note: the readout value of the cs1 register is the ca lculation by the m90e25, which is different from what is written. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 cs1_15 cs1_14 cs1_13 cs1_12 cs1_11 cs1_10 cs1_9 cs1_8 76543210 cs1_7 cs1_6 cs1_5 cs1_4 cs1_3 cs1_2 cs1_1 cs1_0 register address high byte low byte 21h h 21 l 21 22h h 22 l 22 23h h 23 l 23 24h h 24 l 24 25h h 25 l 25 26h h 26 l 26 27h h 27 l 27 28h h 28 l 28 29h h 29 l 29 2ah h 2a l 2a 2bh h 2b l 2b
32 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 5.3.2 measurement calibration register adjstart measurement calibration start command ugain voltage rms gain address: 30h type: read/write default value: 6886h bit name description 15 - 0 adjstart[15:0] measurement calibration start command 6886h: power-on value. no measurement. 5678h: measurement calibration startup command. after 5678h is written to this register, registers 31h- 3ah resume to their power-on values. the m90e25 starts to measure regardless of the correct- ness of diagnosis. the adjerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are not set and the irq pin does not report any interrupt. 8765h: check the correctness of the 31h-3ah register s. if correct, normal measurement. if not correct, measurement function is disabled, the adjerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set and the irq pin reports interrupt. others: no measurement. the adjerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set and the irq pin reports interrupt. address: 31h type: read/write default value: 6720h bit name description 15 - 0 ugain[15:0] voltage rms gain. for details, please refer to application note 46101. note: the ugain15 bit should only be '0' 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 adjstart15 adjstart14 adjstart13 adjstart12 adjstart11 adjstart10 adjstart9 adjstart8 76543210 adjstart7 adjstart6 adjstart5 adjstart4 adjstart3 adjstart2 adjstart1 adjstart0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 ugain15 ugain14 ugain13 ugain12 ugain11 ugain10 ugain9 ugain8 76543210 ugain7 ugain6 ugain5 ugain4 ugain3 ugain2 ugain1 ugain0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 33 igainl l line current rms gain igainn n line current rms gain uoffset voltage offset address: 32h type: read/write default value: 7a13h bit name description 15 - 0 igainl[15:0] l line current rms gain, for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 33h type: read/write default value: 7530h bit name description 15 - 0 igainn[15:0] n line current rms gain. for details, please refer to application note 46101. address: 34h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 uoffset[15:0] voltage offset. for calculation method, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 igainl15 igainl14 igainl13 igainl12 igainl11 igainl10 igainl9 igainl8 76543210 igainl7 igainl6 igainl5 igainl4 igainl3 igainl2 igainl1 igainl0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 igainn15 igainn14 igainn13 igainn12 igainn11 igainn10 igainn9 igainn8 76543210 igainn7 igainn6 igainn5 igainn4 igainn3 igainn2 igainn1 igainn0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 uoffset15 uoffset14 uoffset13 uoffset12 uoffset11 uoffset10 uoffset9 uoffset8 76543210 uoffset7 uoffset6 uoffset5 uoffset4 uoffset3 uoffset2 uoffset1 uoffset0
34 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 ioffsetl l line current offset ioffsetn n line current offset poffsetl l line active power offset address: 35h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 ioffsetl[15:0] l line current offset. for calculation method, please refer to application note 46101. address: 36h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 ioffsetn[15:0] n line current offset. for calculation met hod, please refer to application note 46101. address: 37h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 poffsetl[15:0] l line active power offset. complement, msb is the sign bit. for calculation method, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 ioffsetl15 ioffsetl14 ioffsetl13 ioffsetl12 ioffsetl11 ioffsetl10 ioffsetl9 ioffsetl8 76543210 ioffsetl7 ioffsetl6 ioffsetl5 ioffsetl4 ioffsetl3 ioffsetl2 ioffsetl1 ioffsetl0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 ioffsetn15 ioffsetn14 ioffsetn13 ioffsetn12 ioffsetn11 ioffsetn10 ioffsetn9 ioffsetn8 76543210 ioffsetn7 ioffsetn6 ioffsetn5 ioffsetn4 ioffsetn3 ioffsetn2 ioffsetn1 ioffsetn0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 poffsetl15 poffsetl14 poffsetl13 poffsetl12 poffsetl11 poffsetl10 poffsetl9 poffsetl8 76543210 poffsetl7 poffsetl6 poffsetl5 poffsetl4 poffsetl3 poffsetl2 poffsetl1 poffsetl0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 35 poffsetn n line active power offset address: 39h type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 poffsetn[15:0] n line active power offset. complement, msb is the sign bit. for calculation method, please refer to application note 46101. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 poffsetn15 poffsetn14 poffsetn13 poffsetn12 poffsetn11 poffsetn10 poffsetn9 poffsetn8 76543210 poffsetn7 poffsetn6 poffsetn5 poffsetn4 poffsetn3 poffsetn2 poffsetn1 poffsetn0
36 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 cs2 checksum 2 address: 3bh type: read/write default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 cs2[15:0] the cs2 register should be writte n after the 31h-3ah registers are wr itten. suppose the high byte and the low byte of the 31h-3ah registers are shown in below table. the calculatiion of the cs2 register is as follows: the low byte of 3bh register is: l 3b =mod( h 31 + h 32 +...+ h 3a + l 31 + l 32 +...+ l 3a , 2^8) the high byte of 3bh register is: h 3b = h 31 xor h 32 xor ... xor h 3a xor l 31 xor l 32 xor ... xor l 3a the m90e25 calculates cs2 regularly. if the value of the cs2 register and the calculation by the m90e25 is different when adjstart =8765h, the adjerr[1:0] bits ( sysstatus , 01h) are set. note: the readout value of the cs2 register is the calculation by the xxxxxx, which is different from what is written. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 cs2_15 cs2_14 cs2_13 cs2_12 cs2_11 cs2_10 cs2_9 cs2_8 76543210 cs2_7 cs2_6 cs2_5 cs2_4 cs2_3 cs2_2 cs2_1 cs2_0 register address high byte low byte 31h h 31 l 31 32h h 32 l 32 33h h 33 l 33 34h h 34 l 34 35h h 35 l 35 36h h 36 l 36 37h h 37 l 37 38h h 38 l 38 39h h 39 l 39 3ah h 3a l 3a
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 37 5.4 energy register theory of energy registers the internal energy resolution is 0.01 pulse. within 0.01 pu lse, forward and reverse energy are counteracted. when energy excee ds 0.01 pulse, the respective forward/reserve energy is increased. the forward and reverse energy are not counteracted in absolute energy registers. take the example of active energy, suppose: t0: forward energy is 12.34 pulses and reverse energy is 1.23 pulses; from t0 to t1: 0.005 forward pulse appeared from t1 to t2: 0.004 reverse pulse appeared from t2 to t3: 0.003 reverse pulse appeared when forward/reverse energy or absolute ener gy reaches 0.1 pulse, the respective regi ster is updated. when forward/reverse ener gy or absolute energy reaches 1 pulse , the cf1 pins outpu ts pulse and the revp/revq bits ( enstatus , 46h) are updated. absolute energy might be more than the sum of forward and reve rse energies. if ?consistency? is required between absolute energ y and forward/reverse energy in system application, absolute e nergy can be obtained by calculating the readout of the forward and rev erse energy registers. apenergy forward active energy t0 t1 t2 t3 forward active pulse 12.34 12.345 12.341 12.34 reserve active pulse 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.232 absolute active pulse 13.57 13.575 13.579 13.582 address: 40h type: read/clear default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 apen- ergy[15:0] forward active energy; cleared after read. data format is xxxx.x pulses. resolution is 0.1 pulse. maxi mum is 6553.5 pulses. when the accumulation of this register has achieved ffffh, the continuation accumulation will return to 0000h. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 apenergy15 apenergy14 apenergy13 apenergy12 apenergy11 apenergy10 apenergy9 apenergy8 76543210 apenergy7 apenergy6 apenergy5 apenergy4 apenergy3 apenergy2 apenergy1 apenergy0
38 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 anenergy reverse active energy atenergy absolute active energy address: 41h type: read/clear default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 anen- ergy[15:0] reverse active energy, cleared after read. data format is xxxx.x pulses. resolution is 0.1 pulse. maximu m is 6553.5 pulses. when the accumulation of this register has achieved ffffh, the continuation accumulation will return to 0000h. address: 42h type: read/clear default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 aten- ergy[15:0] absolute active energy, cleared after read. data format is xxxx.x pulses. resolution is 0.1 pulse. maxi mum is 6553.5 pulses. when the accumulation of this register has achieved ffffh, the continuation accumulation will return to 0000h. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 anenergy15 anenergy14 anenergy13 anenergy12 anenergy11 anenergy10 anenergy9 anenergy8 76543210 anenergy7 anenergy6 anenergy5 anenergy4 a nenergy3 anenergy2 anenergy1 anenergy0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 atenergy15 atenergy14 atenergy13 atenergy12 atenergy11 atenergy10 atenergy9 atenergy8 76543210 atenergy7 atenergy6 atenergy5 atenergy4 atenergy3 atenergy2 atenergy1 atenergy0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 39 enstatus metering status address: 46h type: read default value after power on: c800h bit name description 15 - reserved. 14 pnoload this bit indicates whether the m90e25 is in active no-load status. 0: not active no-load state 1: active no-load state 13 - reserved. 12 revp this bit indicates the direction of the last cf1 (active output). 0: active forward 1: active reverse note: this bit is always '0' when the cf1 output is configured to be absolute energy. 11 lline this bit indicates the current metering line in anti-tampering mode. 0: n line 1: l line 10 - 2 - reserved. 1 - 0 lnmode[1:0] these bits indicate the configuration of mmd1 an d mmd0 pins. their relationship is as follows: 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 - pnoload - revp lline - - - 76543210 - - - - - - lnmode1 lnmode0 mmd 1 mmd 0 lnmo d1 lnmo d0 l/n metering mode 0 0 0 0 anti-tampering mode (larger power) 0 1 0 1 l line mode (fixed l line) 10 1 0 l+n mode (applicable for single-phase three-wire system) 11 1 1 flexible mode (line specified by the lnsel bit ( mmode , 2bh))
40 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 5.5 measurement register irms l line current rms urms voltage rms address: 48h type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 irms[15:0] l line current rms. data format is xx.xxx, which corresponds to 0 ~ 65.535a. for cases when the current exceeds 65.535a, it is su ggested to be handled by mcu in application. for example, the register value can be calibrated to 1/2 of the actual val ue during calibration, then multiplied by 2 in application. address: 49h type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 urms[15:0] voltage rms. data format is xxx.xx, which corresponds to 0 ~ 655.35v. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 irms15 irms14 irms13 irms12 irms11 irms10 irms9 irms8 76543210 irms7 irms6 irms5 irms4 irms3 irms2 irms1 irms0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 urms15 urms14 urms13 urms12 urms11 urms10 urms9 urms8 76543210 urms7 urms6 urms5 urms4 urms3 urms2 urms1 urms0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 41 pmean l line mean active power freq voltage frequency address: 4ah type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 pmean[15:0] l line mean active power. complement, msb is the sign bit. data format is xx.xxx, which corresponds to -32.768~+32.768kw. if current is specially handle by mcu, the power of the m90e25 and the actual power have the same mul- tiple relationship as the current. address: 4ch type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 freq[15:0] voltage frequency. data format is xx.xx. frequency measurement range is 45.00~65. 00hz. for example, 1388h corre- sponds to 50.00hz. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pmean15 pmean14 pmean13 pmean12 pmean11 pmean10 pmean9 pmean8 76543210 pmean7 pmean6 pmean5 pmean4 pmean3 pmean2 pmean1 pmean0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 freq15 freq14 freq13 freq12 freq11 freq10 freq9 freq8 76543210 freq7 freq6 freq5 freq4 freq3 freq2 freq1 freq0
42 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 powerf l line power factor pangle phase angle between voltage and l line current address: 4dh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 powerf[15:0] l line power factor. signed, msb is the sign bit. data format is x.xxx. power factor range: -1.000~+1.000. for example, 03e 8h corresponds to the power factor of 1.000, and 83e8h corresponds to the power factor of -1.000. address: 4eh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 pangle[15:0] l line voltage current angle. signed, msb is the sign bit. data format is xxx.x. angle range: -180.0~+180.0 degree. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 powerf15 powerf14 powerf 13 powerf12 powerf11 powerf10 powerf9 powerf8 76543210 powerf7 powerf6 powerf5 powerf4 powerf3 powerf2 powerf1 powerf0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pangle15 pangle14 pangle13 pangle12 pangle11 pangle10 pangle9 pangle8 76543210 pangle7 pangle6 pangle5 pangle4 pangle3 pangle2 pangle1 pangle0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 43 smean l line mean apparent power irms2 n line current rms address: 4fh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 smean[15:0] l line mean apparent power. complement, msb is always '0'. data format is xx.xxx, which corresponds to 0~+32.767kva. if current is specially handled by mcu, the power of the m90e25 and the actual power have the same multiple relationship as the current. address: 68h type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 irms2[15:0] n line current rms. data format is xx.xxx, wh ich corresponds to 65.535a. for cases when the current exceeds 65.535a, it is su ggested to be handled by mcu in application. for example, the register value can be calibrated to 1/2 of the actual val ue during calibration, then multiplied by 2 in application. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 smean15 smean14 smean13 smean12 smean11 smean10 smean9 smean8 76543210 smean7 smean6 smean5 smean4 smean3 smean2 smean1 smean0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 irms2_15 irms2_14 irms2_13 irms2_12 i rms2_11 irms2_10 irms2_9 irms2_8 76543210 irms2_7 irms2_6 irms2_5 irms2_4 irms2_3 irms2_2 irms2_1 irms2_0
44 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 pmean2 n line mean active power powerf2 n line power factor address: 6ah type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 pmean2[15:0] n line mean active power. complement, msb is the sign bit. data format is xx.xxx, which corresponds to -32.768~+32.767kw. if current is specially handled by mcu, the power of the m90e25 and the actual power have the same multiple relationship as the current. address: 6dh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 powerf2[15:0 ] n line power factor. signed, msb is the sign bit. data format is x.xxx. power factor range: -1.000~+1.000. for example, 03e 8h corresponds to the power factor of 1.000, an d 83e8h corresponds to the power factor of -1.000. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pmean2_15 pmean2_14 pmean2_13 pmean2_12 pmean2_11 pmean2_10 pmean2_9 pmean2_8 76543210 pmean2_7 pmean2_6 pmean2_5 pmean2_4 pmean2_3 pmean2_2 pmean2_1 pmean2_0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 powerf2_15 powerf2_14 powerf2_13 powerf2_12 powerf2_11 powerf2_10 powerf2_9 powerf2_8 76543210 powerf2_7 powerf2_6 powerf2_5 powerf2_4 powerf2_3 powerf2_2 powerf2_1 powerf2_0
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 45 pangle2 phase angle between voltage and n line current smean2 n line mean apparent power address: 6eh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 pangle2[15:0] n line voltage current angle signed, msb is the sign bit. data format is xxx.x. angle range: -180.0~+180.0 degree. address: 6fh type: read default value: 0000h bit name description 15 - 0 smean2[15:0] n line mean apparent power complement, msb is always '0'. data format is xx.xxx, which corresponds to 0~+32.767kva. if current is specially handled by mcu, the power of m90e25 and the actual power have the same multi- ple relationship as the current. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 pangle2_15 pangle2_14 pangle2_13 pangle2_12 pangle2_11 pangle2_10 pangle2_9 pangle2_8 76543210 pangle2_7 pangle2_6 pangle2_5 pangle2_4 pangle2_3 pangle2_2 pangle2_1 pangle2_0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 smean2_15 smean2_14 smean2_13 smean2_12 smean2_11 smean2_10 smean2_9 smean2_8 76543210 smean2_7 smean2_6 smean2_5 smean2_4 smean2_3 smean2_2 smean2_1 smean2_0
46 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 6 electrical specification 6.1 electrical specification parameters and description min. typical max. unit test conditions and comments accuracy dc power supply rejection ratio (psrr) 0.1 % vdd=3.3v 0.3v, 100hz, i=5a, v=220v, l line shunt resistor 150 ? , n line ct 1000:1, sampling resistor 4.8 ac power supply rejection ratio (psrr) 0.1 % vdd=3.3v superimposes 400mvrms, 100hz sinusoidal signal, i=5a, v=220v, l line shunt resistor 150 ? , n line ct 1000:1, sampling resistor 4.8 active energy error (dynamic range 5000:1) 0.1 % l line current gain is ?24?; n line current gain is ?1? channel characteristics sampling frequency 8khz l line current channel equivalent input noise 19.1 single side band noise (measured at 50hz, and pga gain is ?24?) n line current channel equivalent input noise 458.4 single side band noise (measured at 50hz, and pga gain is ?1?) voltage channel equivalent input noise 458.4 single side band noise (measured at 50hz, and pga gain is ?1?) total harmonic distortion for each channel 80 db 25c, pga gain is ?1?, 500mvrms input active energy metering bandwidth 4khz irms and vrms measurement bandwidth 4khz measurement error 0.5 % analog input l line current channel differential input 5 25m vrms pga gain is ?24? 7.5 37.5m pga gain is ?16? 15 75m pga gain is ?8? 30 150m pga gain is ?4? 120 600m pga gain is ?1? n line current channel differential input 30 150m vrms pga gain is ?4? 60 300m pga gain is ?2? 120 600m pga gain is ?1? voltage channel differential input 120 600m vrms pga gain is ?1? l line current channel input impedance 1k n line current channel input impedance 50 k voltage channel input impedance 50 k l line current channel dc offset 10 mv pga gain is ?24? n line current channel dc offset 10 mv pga gain is ?1? voltage channel dc offset 10 mv pga gain is ?1? reference on-chip reference 1.398 1.417 1.440 v reference voltage test mode reference voltage temperature coefficient 15 40 ppm/c clock crystal or external clock 8.192 mhz the accuracy of crystal or external clock is 100 ppm hz / nv hz / nv hz / nv
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 47 spi interface spi interface bit rate 200 160k bps pulse width cf1 pulse width 80 ms if t 160 ms, width=80ms; if t<160 ms, width = 0.5t. refer to section 6.6 esd machine model (mm) 400 v jesd22-a115 charged device model (cdm) 1000 v jesd22-c101 human body model (hbm) 4000 v jesd22-a114 latch up 100 ma jesd78a latch up 4.95 v jesd78a operating conditions avdd, analog power supply 2.8 3.3 3.6 v metering precision guaranteed within 3.0v~3.6v. dvdd, digital power supply 2.8 3.3 3.6 v metering precision guaranteed within 3.0v~3.6v. i avdd , analog current 3.75 ma l line/ n line current channel and voltage channel are open i dvdd , digital current 2.75 ma vdd=3.3v dc characteristics digital input high level (all digital pins except osci) 2.0 vdd+2.6 v vdd=3.3v 10%, digital input high level (osci) 2.0 vdd+0.3 v vdd=3.3v 10% digital input low level 0.8 v vdd=3.3v 10% digital input leakage current 1 a vdd=3.6v, vi=vdd or gnd digital output low level (cf1) 0.4 v vdd=3.3v, i ol =10ma digital output low level (irq, warnout, zx, sdo) 0.4 v vdd=3.3v, i ol =5ma digital output high level (cf1) 2.4 v vdd=3.3v, i oh =-10ma digital output high level (irq, warnout, zx, sdo) 2.4 v vdd=3.3v, i oh =-5ma digital output low level (osco) 0.4 v vdd=3.3v, i ol =1ma digital output high level (osco) 2.4 v vdd=3.3v, i oh =-1ma
48 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 6.2 spi interface timing the spi interface timing is as shown in figure-7, figure-8 and table-10. figure-7 4-wire spi timing diagram figure-8 3-wire spi timing diagram cs sclk sdi sdo t csh t css high impedance high impedance t csd t clh t cll t dis t dih t pd t df valid input valid output t cld t dw sclk sdi sdo high impedance high impedance t clh t cll t dis t dih t pd valid input valid output t dw
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 49 table-10 spi timing specification symbol description min. typical max. unit t csh note 1 minimum cs high level time 30t note 2 +10 ns t css note 1 cs setup time 3t+10 ns t csd note 1 cs hold time 30t+10 ns t cld note 1 clock disable time 1t ns t clh clock high level time 30t+10 ns t cll clock low level time 16t+10 ns t dis data setup time 3t+10 ns t dih data hold time 22t+10 ns t dw minimum data width 30t+10 ns t pd output delay 14t 15t+20 ns t df note 1 output disable time 16t+20 ns note: 1. not applicable for three-wire spi. 2. t means sclk cycle. t=122ns. (typical value for four-wire spi)
50 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 6.3 power on reset timing figure-9 power on reset timing diagram table-11 power on reset specification symbol description min. typical max. unit v h power on trigger voltage 2.47 2.6 2.73 v v l power off trigger voltage 2.185 2.3 2.415 v v h -v l hysteretic voltage difference 0.285 0.3 0.315 v t 1 delay time after power on 5ms t 2 delay time after power off 10 s dvdd reset t 1 v h t 2 v l
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 51 6.4 zero-crossing timing figure-10 zero-crossing timing diagram table-12 zero-crossing specification symbol description min. typical max. unit t zx high level width 5ms t d delay time 0.5 ms zx (positive zero-crossing) zx (negative zero-crossing) zx (all zero-crossing) t zx t d v
52 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 6.5 voltage sag timing figure-11 voltage sag timing diagram table-13 voltage sag specification symbol description min. typical max. unit t d delay time 0.5 ms voltage sag threshold warnout irq t d v voltage sag threshold
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 53 6.6 pulse output figure-12 output pulse width 6.7 absolute maximum rating parameter maximum limit relative voltage between avdd and agnd -0.3v~3.7v relative voltage between dvdd and dgnd -0.3v~3.7v analog input voltage (i1p, i1n, i2p, i2n, vp, vn) -1v~vdd digital input voltage -0.3v~vdd+2.6v operating temperature range -40~85 c maximum junction temperature 150 c package type thermal resistance ja unit condition green ssop28 63.2 c/w no airflow cfx t p =80ms t p =0.5t t 160ms 10ms t<160ms t p =5ms if t<10ms, force t=10ms
54 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 ordering information atmel ordering code package carrier temperature range atm90e25-yu-r ssop28 tape&reel industry (-40 c to +85 c ) atm90e25-yu-b ssop28 tube industry (-40 c to +85 c )
m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 55 package dimensions

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56 m90e25 [preliminary datasheet] atmel-46001a-se-m90e25-datasheet_041814 revision history doc. rev. date comments 46001a 04/18/2014 initial document release in atmel.
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